Metropolis essays

City papers The Working Class versus The Upper Class Films must contain a type of plot or struggle so as to make them intriguing. In Metropolis, an unequivocal social clash rises between the laborers and their heartless chief, John Frederson. This contention is because of the significant contrasts in the lives of the regular workers and high society. The reasonable division in the public eye gives a premise wherein the revolt can eject in any case. At the base of society lie the forsaken laborers, with the savage machine that controls them above. At the top, lies the rich high society, especially the Brain, John Frederson. In Metropolis, the laborers are discouraged, over-worked, and brief. Not just men work this awful and hazardous occupation, yet extremely little youngsters as well. The laborers are discouraged since they all enter the production line, which takes after heck, promptly in the first part of the day together, with their heads all hung down. They work a long move that keeps going ten hours. This is clear because of the way that the clock on the divider runs just until 10:00. Just working hours tally. This machine, amusingly taking after the Pagan god Moloch, runs ceaselessly, creating overpowering undertakings for the laborers as it eats up them. Subsequently, this loathsome machine oppresses its laborers, rendering them vulnerable against its unmerciful fury. In contrast to the common laborers, the high society in Metropolis carries on an euphoric, yet inefficient, and simple way of life. The primary character, Fredersons child, is seen messing about in a nursery with a quite little fairy. This scene depicts the privileged as individuals who burn through their time away by including themselves in unconstructive exercises. Not exclusively is the higher society not supporting the laborers in their requesting work, however it doesn't appear to think about the laborers coldhearted condition or wellbeing. For instance, when the fundamental character goes to his dad about what he has seen underground, the dad just tur... <! City articles A Victory of Style over Content. Examine this announcement made about Fritz Langs Metropolis Fritz Langs Metropolis was shot in Germany in 1926. It is a tragic film depicting a terribly captivated future society where the common laborers is made to work interminably, as a glaring difference to the decision class, for example the privileged, who carry on with the life of extravagance, high up in towers, looking down on the overpopulated city beneath. The possibility of a cutting edge tragic culture was the same old thing during the 1920s. What stunned the film going populace of the time were the cutting edge techniques utilized by Lang. In this exposition I expect to analyze whether the key to Metropolis extraordinary achievement is to be found in its cutting edge shooting style or in the real substance. In the first place, nonetheless, I accept that it is imperative to inspect the life and motivations of Fritz Lang. Lang was conceived in Vienna in 1890 and was half Catholic and half Jewish. Having battled in the First World War, Lang had to leave Germany in 1933 after the Nazis ascend to control, escaping to Paris and afterward Hollywood, where he proceeded with his work. Lang is by and large saw as the most significant movie producer of the Expressionist time. His work has end up being a wellspring of motivation for people in the future of movie chiefs. City is set 100 years into the future from when the film was shot (2026). A youngster named Freder, who is the child of Joh Frederson, the leader of the tremendous city of Metropolis, pursues a young lady named Maria, and winds up in a machine room in the lower city. He observes a mishap at one of the enormous machines, and considers the to be as a wicked monster. Having seen this mishap, he feels that it is his obligation to illuminate his Father regarding what he has seen. His Father is unconcerned with his children response, deciding to overlook what he has been told. Freder, in any case, feels remorseful, and concludes that he should assist the laborers with escaping their situation. ... <!

Weekly ass. #10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Week by week ass. #10 - Essay Example business cannot manage, have a go at living in a world without it.† [2] Our Government has additionally stepped up to the plate and respect the best association that has viably followed this guideline of eco-accommodating business†. Significant issues of a worldwide temperature alteration and environmental change are looked by our planet. These issues influence gravely to humankind, view and creatures. Henceforth, I demand you to help nature by following eco-accommodating business factor. There are numerous routes through which we can support the earth. We can abstain from utilizing extra wooden foundation and squandering papers in our workplaces. We can diminish the pace of discharging gases that are hurtful for the ozone layer. It is significant for people to get by on earth. The honor of best eco-accommodating business will be a token of regard, and it will be an extraordinary accomplishment for our organization in the event that we win this honor. Our endeavors will support the earth and increment the consciousness of eco-accommodating nature of substance industry. I trust that you will consider our main goal of eco-accommodating business in future while building up our business. â€Å"The just way we can do this is on the off chance that we get back in the world’s battle against a dangerous atmospheric devation and demonstrate it is acceptable financial matters that we will make more employments to fabricate a reasonable economy that spares the planet for our youngsters and grandkids. It is the main way it will work.†

LinkedIn Buzzwords from 2010

LinkedIn Buzzwords from 2010 As a companion piece to my Top 10 Grammar and Spelling Errors from 2010 Id like to share with you LinkedIns list of overused buzzwords in year 2010 LinkedIn profiles.   Is it even possible to avoid using these popular words?   What a challenge for a LinkedIn profile writer! Sometimes words are overused because they work.   Its an ongoing challenge to stay ahead of the curve, and to stay grounded enough in accomplishments and concrete facts that even if these buzzwords appear, they do not come across as trite or cliche. The most overused words varied by country.   Heres the list in the United States: Extensive experience Innovative Motivated Results-oriented Dynamic Proven track record Team player Fast-paced Problem solver Entrepreneurial I challenge you to spot these words in your profile and find other ways to describe yourself and your accomplishments.   And I promise if we work together on your LinkedIn profile, we will find ways to avoid using most if not all of these words.   What a great way to make your profile stand out! Did you make changes to your profile based on this tip?   How did your writing transform?   Please share in the comments section!

LinkedIn Buzzwords from 2010

LinkedIn Buzzwords from 2010 As a companion piece to my Top 10 Grammar and Spelling Errors from 2010 Id like to share with you LinkedIns list of overused buzzwords in year 2010 LinkedIn profiles.   Is it even possible to avoid using these popular words?   What a challenge for a LinkedIn profile writer! Sometimes words are overused because they work.   Its an ongoing challenge to stay ahead of the curve, and to stay grounded enough in accomplishments and concrete facts that even if these buzzwords appear, they do not come across as trite or cliche. The most overused words varied by country.   Heres the list in the United States: Extensive experience Innovative Motivated Results-oriented Dynamic Proven track record Team player Fast-paced Problem solver Entrepreneurial I challenge you to spot these words in your profile and find other ways to describe yourself and your accomplishments.   And I promise if we work together on your LinkedIn profile, we will find ways to avoid using most if not all of these words.   What a great way to make your profile stand out! Did you make changes to your profile based on this tip?   How did your writing transform?   Please share in the comments section!

Biblical Inspiration Of The Bible - 1759 Words

What is Biblical inspiration? ‘It is the supernatural influence of the Holy Spirit upon Bible authors which rendered their writings as inspired record of God’s revelation.’ The most discussed issue not only in the Christian belief but amongst many theological scholars today is that of the inspiration of the Scripture. In 2 Tim. 3:16, Scripture is represented as: ‘God breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness’. Additionally, ‘the importance of inspiration is that it safeguards a writer from error’. In this essay I will show what is meant in Christianity that the Bible is inspired by God and how God inspired the Bible, ‘†¦the concept of inspiration has been much used in Roman Catholicism as†¦show more content†¦Plenary verbal inspiration A view taught mainly in all biblically conservative Christian churches. This view is slightly indistinguishable from the ‘dictation theory of inspiration’; as ‘human activities (such as penning a book) can be totally controlled by God without violating human freedom’. Plenary which means ‘fullness or wholeness’ and the word verbal therefore suggests that this theory of inspiration extends to the exact words the writers chose and this view represents the Scripture as being completely inspired. God however did not mechanically dictate the writers but he simply dictated the very words of the Bible, and that the words written are the thoughts of God, therefore having been interpreted correctly by the writers, this according to Christians concludes the Bible as the inerrant word of God; ‘The Holy Bible as we have it today, can be accepted as fully inspired, reliable and authorative’. Thus, causing a Christian to take all the declarative statements of Scripture as reliable and true without no errors or problems; ‘†¦each biblical statement can be read as a true proposition to be affirmed’. In 2 Peter 1:21, it is clearly illustrated that although God used men who had various sorts of approaches to writing and divergent personalities, he still divinely inspired the very words the authors wrote. Additionally this therefore

My First Visit at the Hindu Temple Essay - 998 Words

I decided to visit a Hindu temple because the Hindu religion was the religion that I knew the least about and was interested in. This assignment gave me an opportunity to learn more about this religion and what their worship services and rituals were like. The temple that I went to was called BAPS Shri Swaminaryan Mandir and it was located in Lilburn. As soon as I walked in, I was amazed by the beautiful architectural design of this Temple. It seemed like it took a lot of hard work and dedication to make the place what it is now. While I was at the temple, I watched the Hindus perform an ancient Vedic ritual called the Abhishek, a ritual bathing to honor the murti of their God. Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha,†¦show more content†¦The Mandir (temple) was constructed with Italian marble, Indian pink sandstone, and Turkish limestone. The walls were all carved with delicate carvings of Gods that were carefully shipped all the way from India. The Hindus had very strict rules that had to be followed, such as: no smoking, drinking or eating inside, cell phones had to be turned off, and we had to be silent. We also had to take our shoes off before entering the temple out of respect for the deities and to keep the floors clean. When I first entered the main worship room, I saw three women walking around the gods in clockwise motion. This clockwise motion is called Pradakshina, a form of worship that represents the fact that god is the center of everything and everyone else surrounds him. There were several gods in the room, each stored in their own window. Many people ranging from old to young kept going up to each god and doing their own prayers. I observed that the prayers were performed in a special way. You had to put your two hands together, close your eyes and pray to that specific God. I couldn’t understand the prayers they were reciting because they were saying it in language. BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir offers many traditional rituals and services. However, I decided to observe Abhishek, an ancient Vedic ritual of bathing the murti, which is the divine spirit of God. This ritual is dedicated to the murti Nilkanth Varni, which represents Bhagwan SwaminarayanShow MoreRelatedBefore I really get into my personal experience at the Durga temple, I would like to begin my900 Words   |  4 PagesBefore I really get into my personal experience at the Durga temple, I would like to begin my experience paper by throwing a light on my religion. I personally belong to a Muslim family and have practiced Islam throughout my life. Islam is one of the monotheistic religions, which means people only believe in one God usually referred as Allah. All the individuals, including me, believe that everything in this world has been created by all mighty Allah. He has the power and authority of diminishingRead MoreEssay on Hinduism1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe Hindu religion an d culture is a very complex subject. The Hindu religion combines rich ethnical and standard beliefs. We will take a closer look and try to understand the Hindu religion and culture. The Hindu religion is the oldest religion of the five major religions, which are Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism (Major World Religions, 2006). The Hindu religion began to develop about 4.000 years ago in India, but it there was no single founder or system of belief (Major WorldRead MoreWhen I Took This Course I Never Imagined How Involve I1728 Words   |  7 PagesI wanted to research and attend a Hindu Temple for my site visit. I had plenty of questions and much more to learn. I was fascinated by the Hindu believe system: How there is hundreds of deities, yet god is only one, how Hinduism has no founder it just became, how god is transcendent, yet ultimate. It can become very difficult to wrap your head around most Hindu ideals, but that is what inspires my interest. Before my site visit, I expected various things. In my mind I had imagined very traditionalRead MoreAnalysis of a Hindu Reflection and Research Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagesways to gain an understanding of a religion is to immerse yourself into it. Through the interfaith visit, I was able to gain a glimpse of what it is like to immerse myself into another religion. For my interfaith visit, I was able to go to the Hindu Temple and Cultural Center of Kansas City. Going into this trip, I really had no idea what to expect or what it was going to be like. The first impression I had from the outside of the building is that it was really nice and well designed. I feltRead MoreThe Hindu Temple Of Dayton954 Words   |  4 Pagestoday. I had never been to a Hindu temple before and it was a new and exciting experience. I did not know about the Hindu religion going to this project. During my time here in Dayton I have been to Lebanese festival and interacted with many people of Arabic descent. Hinduism as religion is very broad. Choosing to interview someone of the Hindu faith was an easy choice to make because I had always been interested in Hinduism. Some of my favorite movies had implied Hindu concepts in them such as karmaRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism856 Words   |  4 Pagesthought first. Both cultures are beautiful and rich, and if someone takes a deeper look can see that they are depending on each other. Many people forget that Buddha was born into a Hindu society, and his views and beliefs which led to a brand new culture are based on Hinduism. Of course I am not saying the two are the same because that wouldn’t make any sense. However, the similarities are visible, just the way differences are visible too, and these things make both cultures so amazing. First I wouldRead MoreThe Hindu Temple Of Atlanta1224 Words   |  5 PagesA Hindu temple contains a very different religious experience compared to what I ve previously experienced in the past. Perhaps the most obvious difference comes from just how individual it can be compared to a group service for example. While there is a portion of the service that is led by a priest for the vast majority of your stay the experience is really upon you and you alone. While there are traditions to follow it s still a unique experience. During my attendance at the Hindu temple ofRead MoreA Vist to Hare Rama Hare Krishna Temple on Clark and Lunt904 Words   |  4 Pagesvisited â€Å"Hare Rama Hare Krishna† temple, located on Clark and Lunt, founded by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. A temple is a place of worship for followers of Hinduism. The important aspect of a Hindu temple is that it not only focuses on communal worship but it also serves as the home of God; most temples  "enshrine Vishnu, Shiva, or the Goddess and their encourages.† Although it is not mandatory to visit a temple, it is considered to be a vital role in the Hindu community. The â€Å"Hare Rama HareRead MoreEssay on Religious Experience715 Words   |  3 Pagesworld. For my World Religions course, I was asked to visit a place of worship for a religion other than what I was most used to. Upon considering being raised as a Pentacostal Christian, the first idea that came to me after hearing this was for Billy and I to go with our friend Arjuns family to a Hindu temple—since Arjun had moved away recently to go to college however, he was unable to attend. On Sunday, February 21, Billy and I joined Arjuns father in his trip to the Hindu temple in Orlando—weRead MoreEthnographic Observation905 Words   |  4 PagesObservation I chose to do my Ethnographic Observation at the Hare Krishna temple in Spanish Fork, Utah. I chose this location because I thought it would be the best place to observe different behavior and cultures. It is also close to my home, and I had never had a chance to explore it. The Hare Krishna temple is a very interesting location to observe. The grounds are very large, and the temple itself is beautiful. There is a sort of corral next to the temple that houses a few different

Micromax Owners Profile - 1981 Words

Corporate Profile: Micromax Mobiles is one of the leading mobile companies in the World today. According to Strategy Analytics’ Global Handset vendor market share report, it is the 12th largest mobile brand in the World with a global market share of 1% and close to 8% market share in India. With an in-depth understanding of rapidly changing consumer preferences coupled with the use of advanced technologies, Micromax has been able to differentiate itself from the competitors through innovation and design. The brand took on the leaders in the category with specific products that addressed different customer needs. The company has focused their efforts towards creating life-enhancing mobile phone solutions and wireless technologies that cater†¦show more content†¦Anything that sets the adrenaline rushing excites Vikas. An ardent sports lover and an adventure person, Vikas loves badminton, cricket and snooker and activities such as parasailing, scuba diving and ocean walk s. He is also passionate about fast cars. An avid traveler, Vikas has a fetish for Lebanese and Chinese cuisines. During his leisure time he loves listening to music and watching movies. Vikas is an alumnus of Jamia Millia University from where he completed his engineering degree Rahul Sharma, Executive Director Micromax Informatics Limited, is the driving force behind Micromax’s commendable position in the Indian mobile handset market. Leading the Product and Sales strategies in Micromax, Rahul encompasses an enriching work experience of 13 years. The phenomenal growth of Micromax can be attributed to the dynamic leadership of Mr. Sharma. An unparalleled increase in revenue inflow further substantiates the midas touch that Rahul has brought to the company and an equally impressive growth of the company highlights the consistency of his leadership. Rahul upholds the philosophy that we mustShow MoreRelatedMicromax Marketing Strategy8630 Words   |  35 Pages[pic] Marketing Project BM 2010-2012 Group 9 Product – Micromax Mobile CONTENTS a. Objectives i. Corporate Objective.........................................................................................3 ii. Marketing objective 1. Volumes Profits...............................................................................4 2. Time frame.........................................................................................4 Read MoreMarketing Strategy of Low Cost Tablet3773 Words   |  16 PagesMarketing Strategies for MARKS-V Tablet Contents: 1. Industry Outlook and Company Profile 2. STP for MARKS-V Tablets ï‚ · Segmentation ï‚ · Targeting ï‚ · Positioning ï‚ · Promotion 3. Promotion 4. Distribution Channels 5. Competitor Benchmarking 6. Pricing 7. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 8. Product SWOT Analysis 9. Service Management 10. Conclusion 11. References 1. Industry Outlook and Company Profile As per IDC report, 7 inch tablets in the less than $150 price band populated the marketRead MoreAnalysis of Distribution Channel of Reliance Communications11560 Words   |  47 Pages 15 | | | |2.2) Company profile 20 | |

Full Sentence Outline free essay sample

Root- I know Its a pick-up truck , but think about being behind the wheel, think about all the power pulling them ass Ill. THE-MY passion for driving fast has gotten me into a lot of trouble with police IV. Pre- First, I will discuss how I fell in love with driving fast and the reason I love to do it, then I will talk about how it has gotten me into a lot of trouble Transition: I know most if not everyone has that ONE moment were they want to really speed l. IMP: My father use to rebuild and race cars when I was younger A.Being able to be fully Into every step of the rebuild process made me fall In love with race cars 1. If course with race cars and the sport of racing theres a lot of speeding Involved a. Dont know why but seeing cars go fast has always excited me 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Full Sentence Outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My father always had some type of fast car or truck, and when I mean I fast I mean supercharged a. If it wasnt the Harley-Davidson Fl 50, it was Corvette ZOO b. And for some odd reason he use to always go fast when I would be in the car with him B. Drag racing has been in my life for long time now 1.When I was younger me, my father and uncles would attend this event called Black Sunday a. There is were everyone brought their cars from all over the country to race b. Seeing all the different types of cars and how fast certain cars could go was amazing 2. The loud noises and the engine revving is some of the main reason why I loud speeding a. I know it can be dangerous to myself and other people b. But I cant stop doing It Translation: The downfall from speeding Is the consequences that follow II. AMP: Speeding has gotten me into so much trouble so many times its ridiculousA. My speeding problem has cause me to be in an accident, not a bad one but it was still an accident 1. I was speeding on the expressway, coming Off ramp a. I was looking down at my phone b. When I looked up I was going fast towards the rear of this lady car 2. When I slammed on the breaks, it was too late a. I started sliding towards the car ahead of me b. Thats when I crashed into the back of their car B. I also have gotten my license suspended twice for speeding 1. The first time was prom morning a. We was leaving my house on our way to the car wash b.When my homier wanted to race me there since it was a straight shot 2. The second time was on my way to Chicago from Champaign a. This time I think I was tricked b. The officer told me I was doing some where between MPH c. We sat and argued for a couple minutes before he wrote me my ticket Conclusion l. Today Vive told you the reason and ways speeding has gotten me into trouble II. First I talked to you about why I love to speed so much and then I talked to you about the ways speeding has gotten me into trouble Ill.

John Keats La Belle Damn Sans Merci Analysis free essay sample

The poem begins with a forlorn and heartbroken narrator suffering from both physical and emotional pain, ‘So haggard and woebegone’ (l 6) who meets a beautiful maiden. La Belle Dame sans Merci appears to portray to readers the universal anomaly of what is known as unrequited love. In conjunction to love felt equally by two parties, unrequited love occurs when the love felt by one person is far greater than that felt by the other who is loved. The term unrequited literally means ‘not returned or rewarded’. This denoted the unfairness in the balance that one expects in a love relationship when the love that one feels for another is not reciprocal. In the poem, Keats shows this by describing the Knight’s disappointment would be less severe if he did not believe that from the beginning of their love affair that the maiden love of him was equal. In line 19 and 28 the maiden appears to have fallen in love with the knight just as he has fallen for her, â€Å"She look’d at me as she did love†¦she said, I love thee true. We will write a custom essay sample on John Keats La Belle Damn Sans Merci Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (l 1928) This can be interpreted that despite her inherent nature, she seemed true feeling for the knight at the time. She even takes him back to her home, her â€Å"elfin grot† (cave) (l 29) and makes him comfortable. At this point, it’s only natural for the knight to believe that the love his felt for the maiden was exactly proportional to what she was feeling, and their ‘wild’ romance would continue when he awakes. However, as he awakes from his slumber, he found that the maiden was nowhere to be found. He was all alone and the his expectations of the romance was shattered. It then dawned that his suffering disappointment stemmed from the realization that she never really loved him the way he thought she did. At this point the knight is lonely and hopeless, but he does not show anger towards her. This shows his understanding that in love there is despair. Even though the love he feels for her is pure and true, she did not have the same feelings. The only clues in La Bella Dame sans Merci that depicts whether or not the love felt by the maiden towards the knight is true, comes from the dreams of the knight when he was sleeping. In his dream he comes to the realization that the maiden is pitiless and she has no mercy. His dreams can be interpreted as if the knight subconsciously knew that the love wasn’t real and that the maiden had already left him, and his mind has already started shifting the blame towards her. This mentally prepares the knight for the harsh reality that he has to face as he awakes. The dream might just be his rationalization; a way of making her out to be evil in order to cope with the pain of learning his love is unrequited, and in love there is despair. Despair is the state of having lost all hope, of finding oneself unable to believe life will ever be good again. The knight in La Belle Dame sans Merci falls into despair when he learns a relationship that seemed to be just starting has abruptly ended. His situation is clear from the very first line, when a stranger finds him out in the forest and can tell just by looking at him that something is gravely wrong. The stranger sees how pale he is and, noticing he has chosen to live by a dead, frozen lake, wants to know what ails him, by which he means what has made the knight so sick in spirit. In the middle stanzas of the poem, the knight describes the romance, which meant more to him than anything that happened before it or since. The brief romance ended with the lady lulling him to sleep. Readers can assume that, comfortable and happy beside her, he expected their love to continue and even to grow when he awoke. In the real (as opposed to magical) world, the knights despair would take time to develop, because he would not know for sure that the woman he loved was gone forever. In the magical world of this poem, though, he is visited in his sleep by pale figures of noble men who describe the woman as merciless. When he wakes to find her gone, he readily believes her absence confirms the damning things the figures said about her. The poem does not have the knight looking for his lady or trying to find out why she has left; he is as certain she had no intention of staying with him just as surely as he knows he loves her. There is no hope they will be reunited, and therefore there is no hope that he can ever be happy again. His life is doomed to despair. La Belle Dame sans Merci is a ballad, a medieval genre revived by the romantic poets. Keats uses the so-called ballad stanza, a quatrain in alternating iambic tetrameter and trimeter lines. The shortening of the fourth line in each stanza of Keats poem makes the stanza seem a self-contained unit, gives the ballad a deliberate and slow movement, and is pleasing to the ear. Keats uses a number of the stylistic characteristics of the ballad, such as simplicity of language, repetition, and absence of details; like some of the old ballads, it deals with the supernatural. Keats economical manner of telling a story in La Belle Dame sans Merci is the direct opposite of his lavish manner in The Eve of St. Agnes. Part of the fascination exerted by the poem comes from Keats use of understatement. Keats sets his simple story of love and death in a bleak wintry landscape that is appropriate to it: The sedge has witherd from the lake / And no birds sing! The repetition of these two lines, with minor variations, as the concluding lines of the poem emphasizes the fate of the unfortunate knight and neatly encloses the poem in a frame by bringing it back to its beginning. In keeping with the ballad tradition, Keats does not identify his questioner, or the knight, or the destructively beautiful lady. What Keats does not include in his poem contributes as much to it in arousing the readers imagination as what he puts into it. La belle dame sans merci, the beautiful lady without pity, is a femme fatale, a Circelike figure who attracts lovers only to destroy them by her supernatural powers. She destroys because it is her nature to destroy. Keats could have found patterns for his faerys child in folk mythology, classical literature, Renaissance poetry, or the medieval ballad. With a few skillful touches, he creates a woman who is at once beautiful, erotically attractive, fascinating, and deadly. Some readers see the poem as Keats personal rebellion against the pains of love. In his letters and in some of his poems, he reveals that he did experience the pains, as well as the pleasures, of love and that he resented the pains, particularly the loss of freedom that came with falling in love. However, the ballad is a very objective form, and it may be best to read La Belle Dame sans Merci as pure story and no more. How Keats felt about his love for Fanny Brawne we can discover in the several poems he addressed to her, as well as in his letters.

Donaldson Dunfee 2000 Essay

Donaldson Dunfee 2000 Essay Donaldson Dunfee 2000 Essay Business and Society Review 105:4 436–443 Prà ©cis for: Ties That Bind THOMAS DONALDSON AND THOMAS W. DUNFEE W e wrote the book, Ties that Bind, out of our conviction that answering today’s questions requires a new approach to business ethics, an approach that exposes the implicit understandings or â€Å"contracts† that bind industries, companies, and economic systems into moral communities. It is in these economic communities, and in the often unspoken understandings that provide their ethical glue, that we believe many of the answers to business ethics quandaries lie. Further, we think that answering such questions requires the use of a yet deeper, and universal â€Å"contract† superseding even individual ones. The theory that combines both these deeper and thinner kinds of contracts we label â€Å"Integrative Social Contracts Theory,† or â€Å"ISCT† for short. ISCT does not overturn popular wisdom. While it asserts that the social contracts that arise from specific cultural and geographic contexts have legitimacy, it acknowledges a limit to that legitimacy. It recognizes the moral authority of key transcultural truths, for example, the idea that human beings everywhere are deserving of respect. The social contract approach we detail holds that any social contract terms existing outside these boundaries must be deemed illegitimate, no matter how completely subscribed to within a given economic community. In this sense, all particular or â€Å"micro† social contracts, whether they exist at the national, industry, or corporate level, must conform to a hypothetical â€Å"macro† social contract that lays down moral boundaries for any social contracting. ISCT thus lies midway on the spectrum of moral belief separating Thomas Donaldson is the Mark O. Winkelman Professor of Legal Studies and Director of the Wharton Ethics Program at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Thomas W. Dunfee is the Joseph Kolodny Professor of Social Responsibility in Business and Vice Dean responsible for the Undergraduate Division of the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.  © 2000 Center for Business Ethics at Bentley College. Published by Blackwell Publishers, 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA, and 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK. THOMAS DONALDSON AND THOMAS W. DUNFEE 437 relativism from absolutism. It allows substantial â€Å"moral free space† for nations and other economic communities to shape their distinctive concepts of economic fairness, but it draws the line at flagrant neglect of core human values. Our approach takes â€Å"moral free space† seriously. It insists that morality can be â€Å"conditional† or â€Å"situational† at least in the sense that two conflicting conceptions of ethics can sometimes both be valid, and that community agreements about ethics often matter. Two economic systems need not have precisely the same view about the ethics of insider trading. Their views about what is wrong with insider trading may differ, yet both may be legitimate. Nor does every corporation have to follow exactly the same conception of fairness as it designs flextime or seniority rules. It follows from our view that all economic actors must recognize the critical role of social contracts in the communities they impact. To fail to do so, as many companies have done in the past, is to display moral blindness. In our view, as social contracts change, so too do the challenges for business. The ethical â€Å"game† of business today is played by different rules, and harbors different penalties and benefits, than it did decades ago. Broad shifts of moral consensus have occurred. In subtle, far reaching shifts, managers and members of the general public have gradually redefined their view of the underlying responsibilities of large corporations. Half a century ago, companies were basically expected to focus on producing goods and services at reasonable prices; today, corporations are held responsible for a variety of issues involving fairness and quality of life. In companies

Reginald Fessenden Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reginald Fessenden - Essay Example rks on electric power distribution systems for one year when he moved to Thomas Edison as a chief chemist and it is that he developed interest in the new media radio (Riley, 1999). He later became a professor of electrical engineering at Purdue in 1892 and University of Pittsburgh in 1893where he taught and did research for seven years. He then moved to the United States Weather Bureau to develop a wireless network for communication with weather stations where he invented the liquid barrater as a wave detector (Riley, 1999). In 1900, he sent the first voice via radio for a distance of 50 feet and later National Electric Signaling Company (NESCO) to develop wireless communication commercially. He then set up a 420 tower for two-way trans-Atlantic telegraph a followed by other radio inventions. In an effort by NESCO to publicize and market the wireless system, he made the first public voice broadcasts on Christmas 1906 (Riley, 1999). His other inventions include electrolytic detector, alternator development, heterodyning, sonic depth finder, efficient tuned antenna circuits, and continuous waves (Riley, 1999). In 1921, the Institute of Radio Engineers awarded Fe ssenden with its IRE Medal of Honor. His inventions spread across the world and at the age of 65 years, he left a significant mark in Engineering and

Ch 5 - ismg3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ch 5 - ismg3000 - Essay Example The effective CIO should be able to steer the organization into designing strategies that match the organizations’ resources and create their competitive advantage over the rest of their competitors; and leave other responsibilities like focusing on functions, as well as portfolio and infrastructure management to duly competent IT personnel. It is so difficult to assign a quantitative value to the return on an IT investment because, as explained by Ruben, computing for the value should take into consideration varied factors that influence and affect IT within an organization. The rationale for this is that gauging the performance of IT would take evaluating the role that IT plays within a continuum. IT is never static; therefore, computing for a quantitative value captures a pre-defined time frame, which is challenging in itself. This is compounded by the fact that the elements to be incorporated in value computation differ. As disclosed, the investments in IT are already clear demonstrations of value. However, there is also a need to incorporate competitors’ reaction to a particular investment to determine the rate of return that that particular investment generated in the long run. From the researches provided with the assistance of Maggie, the â€Å"IT Doesn’t Matter† contention was actually refuted since all crucial information indicated that IT’s role in the organization is significant given the distinct value it provides. As supported from the experience of Zara, a clothing retailer, the benefits and values that IT has created in terms of immediately identifying customers’ demands and preferences in clothing styles paved the way for the organization to perfectly match these needs with the current resources. Likewise, the same experience was also disclosed from Wal-Mart in terms if using IT to create their competitive edge over their

Prefrontal Cortex The Very Front Of The Brain Psychology Essay

Prefrontal Cortex The Very Front Of The Brain Psychology Essay The Prefrontal Cortex is the very front of the brain, located right beneath the forehead and is the anterior region of the frontal lobe. The prefrontal cortex is a very important area in the brain and is the most susceptible to injury. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for the functions of decision making, whether right or wrong, working memory, personality expression and cognitive behaviors. The prefrontal cortex has major neurotransmitters that are involved directly in its proper functioning for example, glutamate and dopamine. The prefrontal cortex can be affected by diseases for example, Parkinsons disease and Schizophrenia. The prefrontal cortex is among the last regions of the brain to develop therefore its functions and disorders are still being researched. The prefrontal lobe is connected to the anterior region of the frontal lobe. The prefrontal lobe volume increases slowly until the age of eight, then a prefrontal growth spurt increases in between the ages of eight and fourteen years. In contrast with other brain areas the prefrontal cortex is one of the last region to development therefore the functions and disorders are not immediately apparent (Kanemura 195). As studied in an experiment called the Somatic Marker Hypothesis one can infer some of the prefrontal cortex functions. Although these experiments have been performed the results do not apply to the entire prefrontal cortex. A prefrontal cortex function in the human brain is decision making and human reasoning. Some of the decision making depends on consciousness and overt cognition where as others do not. Those processes that depend on conscious and cognition are dependent on the sensory images that are directly coordinated to the early activity of cortices. All of the dependent processes of consciousness and cognition regardless of the imagery are dependent on support processes for example, attention and working memory. Further studies demonstrate that damage to the prefrontal cortex prohibits the use of the somatic signals necessary for guiding decision making in an advantageous direction (Bechara 428). In addition to decision making being a main function working memory is equally an important function. These functions have been assessed and results demonstrate that their functions come from different and distinct areas of the prefrontal cortex. While decision making processes occur in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, working memory processes occur in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Short-term memory is the type of working memory in relationship to prefrontal cortex (Humana Press 204) Prefrontal Cortex Neurotransmitters A neurotransmitter is a chemical substance released by neurons that send nerve impulses from one cell to the next in the nervous system. A major neurotransmitter in the prefrontal cortex is Glutamate. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and is the most abundant amino acid in the diet. In the prefrontal cortex glutamate is associated with cognitive function. In schizophrenic patients abnormal levels of glutamate impair cognitive function. Another major neurotransmitter involved in the function of the prefrontal cortex is dopamine. Dopamine is commonly associated with parts of the brain that stimulate pleasure, which provide enjoyment and reinforcement to enforce a person proactively to perform certain activities. Reduced levels of dopamine impair working memory in the prefrontal cortex (Damasio 1413). Diseases that affect the Prefrontal Cortex Parkinsons disease and schizophrenia are two diseases that affect the prefrontal cortex. In both of the disorders the reduction of dopamine to the prefrontal cortex impairs working memory. Conversely, increasing dopamine levels in patients with these diseases improves their performance of test that utilizes their working memory. Parkinsons disease has been considered a paradigm of degenerative diseases of the nervous system characterized by motor impairment due to malfunction and loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. Recent clinical data shows modifications in behavior, personalilty changes, and cognitive impairment that lead to dementia. (Ferrer 89) Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is characterized by abnormalities in the perception or expression of reality. In Schizophrenia working memory and cognitive deficits are in association with prefrontal cortex dysfunction. (Manoach 285) Conclusion In conclusion, the prefrontal cortex is an important region of the frontal lobe that functions in decision making, cognitive behaviors, working memory, and personality expression. The prefrontal lobe has major neurotransmitters that assist in the communication of impulses from cell to cell throughout the nervous system. The reduction of those neurotransmitters in the prefrontal cortex may lead to diseases that affect the important functions of the cortex. The prefrontal lobe is one of the last regions of the brain to develop therefore leaving scientist with many research questions about its functions and possible disorders it may cause.

Peaches Essay -- Literary Analysis, Reginald McKnight

In the story â€Å"Peaches†, Reginald McKnight introduces his main characters, one being Marcus. Marcus is a good guy, but he is described in different ways, due to his confidence and insecurity. Throughout the work, author Reginald McKnight takes great care to illustrate situations and describe feelings and personalities that many men experience. This way, even though Marcus is having trouble controlling himself around other people and arrogant at times, he still tries to be a better person for Rita and for himself. He does this by going out of the country to experience other cultures and enhance his morals. On one level Marcus demonstrates that he is incredibly confident, on the other level he shows signs of being insecure, manipulative, unstable and incapable of achieving change. Marcus’ actions continually demonstrate how confident he is. Whether he is next door or across the country, Marcus always has his eyes set out for Rita because he sees her as _______. While, he claims â€Å"I have had relationships with Black women and Hispanic women, and Asian women† (75), thinking his experiences with other women instantly make him capable of understanding Rita. Because of ______, Marcus thinks such an understanding of Rita would be ________. He is so eager to be with her that he fails to see her as an individual. To Marcus, past experiences are enough to sustain a healthy relationship. According to Marcus, he had â€Å"been through this before† (75) and told Rita she could tell him anything, thinking it had to do with a cultural gap. In fact, Marcus said to Rita, â€Å"You can tell me. I think I’d understand† (75). [What is he referring to here?] His confidence paired with his need for Rita’s recognition and approval makes it appear that his confidenc... ...anipulative, and unstable. In creating a character so confident, insecure, manipulative, and unstable, Reginald McKnight also creates a character we can sympathize with. McKnight created a sense that Marcus was a confident individual, who set himself apart from society, but in doing so, he set himself up for failure. Where the one woman who could make all the difference began to fear him. Once that happened, everything went downhill as soon as Marcus began to dismiss Ritas response at any given point. Whether or not he was fully aware, Marcus built walls around him and avoided speaking about his personal life with any sort of depth. This, if anything, makes us aware that negative remarks and statements can lead to a very negative result. We are forced to form our own conclusion and conform to the fact that no matter how many miles away, one person may never change.

Digital Audio

Digital Audio refers to the reproduction and the transmissions of a stored sound in a digital format. This includes things like CDs or mp3s and other forms of sound that can be stored on a computer. In contrast for instance say the telephone system, which is stored in a completely different format which is called the analogue system. In sound recording and reproduction systems, digital audio refers to a digital representation of the audio waveform for processing.Digital Audio came about due to its usefulness when recording and distribution in sound. The modern day usage of this system is through the internet to post put songs on web pages and videos on YouTube depends on digital recording and digital HYPERLINK â€Å"http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Audio_compression_(data)† o â€Å"Audio compression (data)† compression algorithms. One of the good things about using this system is that it reduces the cost of the distribution because it is not a physical object.Also it is v ery easy to access because nowadays if people want something or need something they go on the internet. In an analog system sounds are usually made physically and are recorded into a mic which is transformed into a electrical representation of a waveform, which is stored or transmitted. Analog audio signals are susceptible to noise and distortion, unavoidable due to the innate characteristics of electronic circuits and associated devices.In the case of purely analog recording and reproduction, numerous opportunities for the introduction of noise and distortion exist throughout the entire process. When audio is digitized, distortion and noise are introduced only by the stages that precede conversion to digital format, and by the stages that follow conversion back to analog. Digital Audio Workstation or DAW is one of the commonly used terms in home music production environment.Yet some are still confused especially the beginners in music production with no electrical/sound engineering background as to what is really the meaning of Digital Audio Workstation? The fact is that, it’s so hard to understand what is digital audio workstation without giving the beginner; a complete information of how everything starts and end in music production. It’s why this lengthy post is perfect for those completely new in digital-based home recording or recording music using computers!I should have written this a long time ago, anyway its good that I put some importance of posting this one. Let’s get started.. First, you need to understand how the music goes into your computer. Your music is a sound wave which is an analog signal, a continuous form of signal(e. g. a sine wave). A musical instrument or a disturbance (e. g a water droplet falling into a pail of water) and can cause vibrations in the air that causes it propagate in the form of a sound wave.When these air pressure vibrations reaches your ear, you will perceived it as a sound if the pressure is str ong enough to cause vibrations in your ear drum and if the frequency is audible (20Hz to 20,000Hz). The music you hear are actually composed of musical notes which are sinusoidal in nature and has two properties which are: a. ) Amplitude (how strong are the pressure vibrations, which is usually measured by SPL or sound pressure level using decibels). b. ) Frequency( how high or low is the pitch of the sound wave, measured in Hertz)

Cell Phones Should Be Allowed While Driving †Agree or...

Stephanie Davis 9/14/12 US. History and Government Ms. Thomas Cell Phones Should Be Allowed While Driving – Agree or Disagree In my opinion cell phones should not be allowed while driving. The reason in which I say this is because if you have your cell phone out while driving you can cause injury or death upon both you and/or another individual either in your car or another. While driving you are to pay full attention to the road and where you’re driving to and not the phone it is a distraction. For an example, On July 10, 1998 a male of the age 16 sent his 18 year old brother who was driving home a text message saying to bring home food. Because of that text his brother crashed while in the middle of reading it and died†¦show more content†¦When you add the potential distractions of texting or talking on the phone while driving the equation and the situation could be become extremely dangerous very quickly. Teenagers are the most likely to use a cell phone while driving because they always have something to do. Lets say for example you are driving and you are texting and during the time tha t you are texting your head is down and your crossing a stop light and at the same time a big truck is coming, you would end up dead or severely damaged with probably a concussion or a coma. Website Citing * â€Å"2011 Distracted Driving Statistics† - http://www.edgarsnyder.com/car-accident/cell-phone/cell-phone-statistics.html *lt;http://www.123HelpMe.com/view.asp?id=150549Show MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay on Cell Phone Driving1100 Words   |  5 Pagesuse of cell phones in drivers have been linked too frequently in accidents. There are too many distractions in life as it is, are we so arrogant to think that we are such amazing drivers that we can do several things at once? Most accidents involving cell phones wouldn t have happened if the driver wasn t distracted. When we drive that should be the only activity we are doing. Posted by: Gri5Helpful Report Post Like Reply 0 0 Cell phone usage while driving shouldRead MoreSocial Medias Impact On Distracted Driving1103 Words   |  5 PagesEnzugusi Distracted Driving Distracted driving is a very serious and controversial topic. Transportation plays such a huge role in people’s lives considering everyone has a busy schedule and they want to get to where they are going quickly while staying connected. There are 600,000 drivers attempting to use their phone at any given time throughout each and every day. To give some perspective on the issue, The National Safety Council reports that cell phone use while driving leads to 1.6 millionRead MoreThe Issue Of Texting And Driving Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pageshit a man with two tons of steel at forty miles per hour with no one else around; I was texting and driving. 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In theory of course we could still survive or exist without technology, but what I mean by living is not surviving, or simply the physical qualities our bodies have while we are living, but being part of the society and being a more or less accepted human being amongRead MoreGun control8728 Words   |  35 Pagesoppose or support gun control. Not so. We h ave a range of alternatives. Even this way of speaking oversimplifies our choices since there are two distinct scales on which to place alternatives. One scale concerns the degree (if at all) to which guns should be abolished. This scale moves from those who want no abolition (NA) of any guns, through those who want moderate abolition (MA) - to forbid access to some subclasses of guns - to those who want absolute abolition (AA). The second scale concerns the

Organizational Diversity At The Workplace - 1355 Words

Organizational Diversity in the Workplace I. Introduction: Today, more and more organizations are moving towards the analysis of how to implement diversity as a core value. For an organization to hold people accountable for diversity expectations, leaders must implement, have a clear understanding, and practice diversity policies and procedures (Williams, 2013). By outlining a foundation together with a lateral approach leaders can encourage diversity understanding (Williams, 2013). Knowledgeable leaders are able to make certain that people are being held accountable for diversity violations and ensure that organizations are doing business that reflects its core values (Williams, 2013). The changes and demands of today’s organizations require leaders to be more aware of diversity issues. Immediately addressing diversity issues allows cooperation’s to be more productive and competitive (Kotter, 1980). However, without this awareness and much needed skill leaders run the risk of being overwhelmed by the organization which could cause power struggles that result in reduced initiative, innovation, and morale (Kotter, 1980). Most managerial, technical, and professional jobs have experienced an increase of diversity among people within organizations. Strong power and influence leadership skills are needed due to this increase of diversity (Kotter, 1980). As organizations of all kinds engage with issues of diversity and inclusion, they must frequently create new strategies thatShow MoreRelatedDiversity And Its Impact On Diversity975 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity Diversity represents the â€Å"multitude of individual differences and similarities that exist among people† (Kinicki Kreitner, 2013). It pertains to the host of individual differences that make all of us unique and different from one another. 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JPMorgan - Corporate Social Responsibility Essay examples

The expectation that businesses behave responsibly and positively contribute to society all while pursuing their economic goals is one that holds firm through all generations. Stakeholders, both market and nonmarket, expect businesses to be socially responsible. Many companies have responded to this by including this growing expectation as part of their overall business operations. There are companies in existence today whose sole purpose is to socially benefit society alongside businesses who simply combine social benefits with their economic goals as their company mission. These changes in societal expectations and thus company purpose we’ve seen in the business community over time often blurs the line of what it means to be socially†¦show more content†¦JPMorgan Chase is amongst the big four banks in the U.S. with Bank of America, CitiGroup, and Wells Fargo. According to Bloomberg, in of October 2011 they surpassed Bank of America as the largest bank by assets. JPM organ Chase Co is considered to be a universal bank. When a stakeholder visits JPMorgan’s website market or nonmarket, they will find a section dedicated to corporate social responsibility. Most companies provide easy access to this information along with an annual report on their initiatives that year and how they plan to maintain and even further their social responsibility in the next years. In the CSR section companies typically provide us with a short opening statement about their mission in social responsibility at JPMorgan it is the following â€Å"At JPMorgan Chase Co., corporate responsibility always has been central to how we do business, starting with operating with integrity in all we do and extending to all the ways we help our clients and communities navigate a complex global economy. We strive to develop innovative programs that leverage the core strengths, capabilities and expertise of our business and our people – and those of our partners – to maximize our impact. 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The core of the bank has existed for over two hundred years and has become the giant it has through several mergers and acquisitions over its history. On top of this, Wall Street and the businesses that occupy it are continuously under public scrutiny due to the unethical behaviors that tend to be common in the industry. This has led to a public discontent for the industry, but JPMorgan Chase Co. is attempting to overcome thatRead MoreCase Study : Manager And Assistant Branch Manager1126 Words   |  5 Pagesand financial transaction processing and asset management. J.P. Morgan Co. se rves millions of consumers in the United States and millions of clients from consumers, to small businesses, up to government clients. (De Villa, 2014) (The History of JPMorgan Chase, 2014) J.P. Morgan Co. is built on the foundation of more than 1,200 institutions that have come together throughout the years to form today’s company. Since 1799, in New York City many of their heritage firms like J.P. Morgan Co., TheRead MoreJPMORGAN CHASE Essay2891 Words   |  12 PagesJPMorgan Chase is one of the oldest financial services company dating back over 200 years. It has $2 trillion in assets and operations in more than 60 countries. JPMC’s corporate strategy is it provides services and products in major capital markets. JPMorgan Chase, well known nationally and globally, is leading in investment banking, financial services for consumers, small business and commercial banking, financial transaction processing, asset management, and private equity. AccordingRead More White Collar Crime at JP Morgan Chase Essay1300 Words   |  6 PagesCorporate crime has become increasingly common over the past couple of decades. It seems that every big corporation today has some type of dark side. With the constant trials against corporate officials it seems that many high profile companies can no longer be trusted. 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An Apologia for Byzantine Architecture Essay Example For Students

An Apologia for Byzantine Architecture Essay A session at tltc 1992 College Art Association was entitled The Byzantine and Islamic ‘Other: Orientalism and Art History. Among many related issues, it examined the marginalizations of Byzantine studies within the discipline of an history: Byzantium has become exoticizod, isolated from Western European developments, and identified as the â€Å"Other In a provocative paper. Robert Nelson pointed out that no survey tcxtlxsok presents the Byzantine period as contemporaneous w ith medieval Europe. Byzantium is cither viewed as the end of Antiquity or as ihe beginning of the Dark Ages. Eater Byzaniinc developments—those coeval with the Romanesque and Gothic styles of Western Europe — are usually omitted, not lilting into a neatly encapsulated, linear view of European cultural history. Most textbooks sim ply stop with Hagia Sophia in Constantinople or with San Marco in Venice But the separation of Byzantium from medieval Europe goes beyond the textbooks. Many medieval ists are now of the opinion that Byzantine civilization is not a pan of European history, thus justifying its complete omission from their teaching. I’ve often suspected that there was more interchange of ideas between Byzantium and West during the Middle Ages than there is between scholars of the respective areas today My own view is that Byzantine studies have noi be come marginalized—for if they had. they would now hold a more commanding position in our post-structuralist dis courses. Rather, they have only been semi-marginalized, fall ing through the cracks between the main line and the truly exotic. Part of the fault for this lies with the Byzanlinists. under the authoritative guidance of Dumbarton Oaks we have learned to emphasize cultural history: thus. Byzantine   architecture is best understood as a reflection of the liturgy, monasticism. and imperial ceremonial rather than as a part of larger developments in European or world architecture. At the same time the sweeping generalizations of scholars like Rivoira. Stray gowski, and others have long since been discounted.   For example, wc dont need the monuments of Early Christian Syria to explain the origins of the Roman esque twin-towered facade: the church at Qalb Lozch and St.-Etienne at Caen arc separated by centuries and by thou sands of kilometers, and they must represent independent developments.- Nor do wc need the basilica of liagios Deni etnos at Thessaloniki to justify the Western European devel opment of the alternating support system prevalent in German Romanesque churches, such as those at Gcmrodc and Hil desheim. And in spite of Siraygowskis enthusiasm, Arme nian church architecture has not proven to be the missing link for the origins of Romanesque structural articulation. Byzantine architecture is by todays view more distant from Western Europe than it appeared to be one hundred years ago. It may be better viewed as a parallel development, but it was certainly not without some degree of interchange. The domed churches in Southern Italy and in Aquitaine may only be properly understood w ith a Byzantine prototype The use ol the square bay topped by a hemispherical dome on pcnilcn lives is characteristic of all of these buildings, and the fivc domcd plans of St.-Front at Ptfrigueux and S Marco ai Venice ultimately derive from the church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople. Similarly, the appearance of the flying but tresses in Byzantium must reflect Gothic construction during die Latin Occupation of the thirteenth century : for example, die form of the single flying buttress bracing the apse of the Chora in Constantinople is somewhat similar to those at Luon Cathedral. Stained glass and heraldry also may appear in Byzantium as Western introductions, although both of these arc problematic.’ Ncvcrthclc.vs. the idea persists that the Byz antine period preceded the medieval: I suspect that in many instances Byzantium is dismissed precisely because it can no longer be systematically mined for sources and influences. In spite of the objective distancing that has occurred in recent scholarship, it is nevertheless difficult to view Byz antine architecture without preconceptions based on a knowl edge of Western medieval architecture. That is to say. our picture of Byzantine architecture has been colored by the development of Western European architecture in the same   period. Wc arc consequently programmed to expect some thing like a linear pattern of evolution, new structural achievements, and building on the grandest of scales. Byzan tine architecture fails to live up to such great expectations, and. accordingly, it has been dismissed by medievalists as small, stugnant. and dull.’ Arc such accusations justified, or do they simply reflect the cultural baggage we carry as medievalists? In this paper. I shall attempt to rescue Byzan tine architecture from utter disregard by correcting several popular misconceptions. First misconception: Byzantine architecture is small be cause the masons were incapable ol building anything larger (Figs. 1-2). In the study of medieval architecture, creativity is often linked with size: big is seen as better, and archi- tectural inventiveness is tied to structural innovatio n on the grandest of scales Limited scale becomes equated with limited skill. Certainly nothing like llagu Sophia was at tempted after tire sixth century, but it really wasnt necessary. Built to be unique. Ilagia Sophia remained a white elephant through most of its later history. To expect later architec ture to follow suit ignores some basic functional consider ations Students of the Byzantine liturgy have emphasized the â€Å"privatization of Byzantine worship: both lay turd mo nastic congregations were small, even in urban areas. The architectural response took the form of numerous small-scale churches with annexed chapels Within the churches a series of independent, subsidiary spaces w as created, enveloping the naos—as at St. Panteleimon ai Nerezi (1164). where the four corner bays arc filled by domed chapels . This stands in contrast to Western developments such as the cbcvcl and side aisle chapels Thai similar concerns were addressed in very different manners in the Last and in the West may be instructive. For example, in the eleventh century the Holy Sepulchre in Je rusalem was rebuilt bv the Byzantine emperor Constantine Monomachus in a typical Byzantine manner .1 The founh-ccntury Basilica had been destroyed and was not re built; instead, the Anastasis Rotunda, containing the Tomb of Christ, became the focus of the complex A system of sub- sidiary chapels on two levels was joined to the Rotunda, the most important connected by a porticocd courtyard. This series of independent, private devotional spaces served the needs of the Byzantine visitor. Following the successful com pletion of the First Crusade in 1099, much of the Byzantine addition was replaced, in spite of its relative newness. Tire Crusader â€Å"improvement actually attempted a Western solu tion to the same problem the Byzantine reconstruction had addressed: the unification of tle numerous sites within the complex. The major chapels were joined under one roof as a transept and pilgrimage choir replaced the courtyard, and an ambulatory with radiating apsidioles replaced the portico and chapels. Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture EssayThe attempt to develop a typological framework for Byzantine architecture based on a Western European model may have also misdirected our interpretation ol Bvzantmc monasticism. and the subject deserves a brief excursus. From the ninth century’ onward. European monasteries follow a carefully constructed typology that corresponded in many ways to requirements for monastic life set forth in the Rule of St. Benedict. Beginning with the St. Gall plan, a standard organization of church, cloister, and refectory was estab- lished In contrast. By antine monasticism. following tire Rule of St. Basil, was not so rigidly organized, nor were the units so large—nor, unfortunately, are they so well-preserved as their Western European counterparts. Seeking an archi tectural typology lor Byzantine monasticism. Orlandos and others have focused almost exclusively on Post-Byzantine monuments, such as the monasteries of Mount Athos. New excavations, such as those on Ml. Papikion in northern Greece and at numerous sites in the former Yugoslavia, only serve to emphasize the lack of an established system of or ganization for Eastern monasticism. The translation and commentary of all Byzantine typika (monastic rules), now in preparation for publication by Dumbarton Oaks, should greatly assist our investigations. I suspect that the view of Byzantine monasticism from a Western perspective has led to the willful misidcntihca tion of well-organized architectural complexes as monastic. Stephen Hill has recently suggested the removal of Alahan Manastir and several other Anatolian complexes from the category of monasteries, and others arc long overdue for reassessment. In a recent book Lyn Rodlcy examines the rock-cut monasteries of Cappadocia. a region in which con siderably more evidence is preserved than elsewhere in the Byzantine Empire.- She divides the monasteries into two types: courtyard monasteries and refectory monasteries. Those which possess a refectory (or tmpeza) with a rock-cut tabic and benches tend to be small and disordered, but with the church and refectory in central positions. The so-called courtyard monasteries have a well organized grouping of rooms around a rock cut court with portico along the main facade and the church if one is included—off to one side. The latter type usually have a large, iransversally or longitudinally-planned hall and fre quently a centrally-planned hall in tire main suite of rooms, but they have no clearly identified refectory. Traditionally Cappadocia has been viewed as an area of monastic settlement. This view was expressed as a romantic reaction to the harsh landscape by early Western visitors, and it was further developed by Father Jerphanion. who began the systematic study of the region His focus was the Ciflreme Valley, which clearly a high density of mon- asteries. As scholars have explored and recorded other set tlements of the region, they inevitabl y identify them as monastic, and one might begin to believe that Cappadocia was inhabited solely by monks. Were all of these settlements actually monasteries .The presence of a refectory i » a good indicator, but what about the so-called courtyard monaster ies? Rodley notes that several of the courtyard complexes lack churches: that the quality of the painted decoration   By antinists lo look lor similar forms and a similar organiza tion in the East. Bui. as with church planning. Byzantine monasteries followed their own direction. In Byzantium as sociations between monastic planning and domestic archi tecture may be closer than in the West. Paul Magdalino has noted the similarities between By/antine household organi zation and monastic organization, and there arc recorded in stances of palaces being converted to monasteries without signiticant change. All of this goes to say that a typology based on Western European models or a similarity of forms may provide an erroneous picture of Byzaniinc monasticism Third misconception. Byzantine architecture is dull. In their introductory textbook to the history of architecture. Trachtenberg and Hyman dismiss later Byzantine architec ture because â€Å"nothing truly radical was built. complaining that space no longer breathes but seems almost airless. Ar chitectural gestures arc no longer bold, but nervous and in hibited. According to them, these Byzantine developments cannot rightly be called medieval, but arc merely dehydrated Hagia Sophias. Arc these fair criticisms for an introductory textbook? Perhaps we expect Byzantine architecture to be something that it isnt. As fur as I can tell. Trachtenberg and Hyman expect it to be Gothic. Byzantine descriptions of architecture may help to refocus our view, because they tell us what the medieval viewer found noteworthy. In most descriptions, the details are given precedence at the expense of the clear delinea- tion of live structure. Plans arc never dcscribcJ. vet the dif ferent types of marbles are itemized, and certain impressive furnishings arc presented in detail. In a description of the monastery of Kauleas at Constantinople. leo VI (886-912) paid special attention to the mosaics and the marbles, con cluding. These have a beauty that corresponds exactly to that of the rest of the church. 40 A building becomes a sum of components, described close-up and selectively, whereas the overall form remains nebulous. The same emphasis on detail is evident when wc exam ine the architecture. It may be cxprcvscd through a concern for individual components, tor the decorated surface rather than the unification of architectural forms, or simply through architectural changes carried out on a small scale and in volving only certain parts of a building. To properly under stand Byantioc architecture. I suspect we should be looking at the little picture rather than the big picture. Understood on its own terms. Byzantine architecture has not only charm, but a valuable position in the history of architecture It is possible to view Byzantine architeciure as a parallel to the Western European developments: scale and form may differ, but similar structural and aesthetic concerns arc ad dressed in both cultures, with varying results. For example, the structural clarity of the Nlyrclaion parallels that of the Romanesque. The sophisticated structural system of Hosios Loukas might Ire compared to an early Gothic system. The unity of aesthetic and structural concerns, seen in the intenor design of the Chora, may parallel the High Gothic The em phasis on formal concerns at the expense of structural clarity, seen at the Pammakarislos. corresponds to Hite Gothic But this is not to say that one necessarily depended upon or influenced the other Rather, it suggests (hat both addressed the specific needs of societies in more-or-less similar stages of development, albeit with different social and economic structures. In the final analysis, the differences in the archi tecture arc as illuminating as the similarities. But our under standing of one culture should not limit our interpretation of the other—or of the ‘ Other.

Much Afraid free essay sample

Ever since the release of Jars of Clays first self-titled album, fans have been eagerly awaiting another album. The four guys from Greenville College in Illinois finally got down to work and released their second album, Much Afraid. Produced by Sting-producer Steve Lipson, this album is a great follow-up to the self-titled one, but the two are quite different. If you liked the first, do not get too excited about the second. The first is more acoustically driven, and Much Afraid is more electrically based. The members of Jars of Clay are born-again Christians, yet they do not consider themselves a Christian band. The lead singer, Dan Haseltine, said, We sing about what we feel. The lyrics on this album again are encouraging and spirit-filled, yet somehow they are deeper than the self-titled one. It is nice to see a band that talks about more than just petty relationships. Jars of Clay sings about life and how their religion affects them. We will write a custom essay sample on Much Afraid or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The album won the Grammy for Best Contemporary Gospel Album. While the album was hardly a Gospel album, the guys seemed quite happy with the award. If you are looking for contemporary rock with an encouraging message, then Much Afraid is an album that you would enjoy. .